Administrative Evolution and Economic Policies of the Umayyad Dynasty: Implications for Governance and Society
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Abstract
Umayyad is one of the most famous clans in Islamic history, and it took the position of caliphate after Ali ibn Abi Talib passed away. The Umayyah dynasty was the first Islamic caliphate after the Khulafāur Rāsyidīn period, which reigned from 661-750 AD on the Arabian Peninsula centered in Damascus, Syria, and from 756-1031 in Cordoba-Andalusia, Spain- the period of the Umayyad caliphate only lasted 90 years, starting during the rule of Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, when the Islamic government turned into a generational monarchy. It was after al-Hasan ibn Ali bin Abi Talib handed over the position of the caliphate to Muawiyah to reconcile the Muslims who were currently being hit by slander due to the murder of Uśman ibn Affan in the war of Jamal and the betrayal of the Khawārij and Syī’a people. This study used a juridical-normative research approach. The data source was taken from several pieces of literature.
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