Nurbaiti Maulida Ramadhani, and Siti Kholiza Nasution. 2026. “Adaptive Instructional Strategies for Mixed-Age Classrooms: Teaching Arabic to Heterogeneous Young Learners in Non-Formal Malaysian Settings”. Al-Jawhar : Journal of Arabic Language 4 (1): 157-72. https://doi.org/10.69493/ajoal.v4i1.103.